Potassium Vapour Magnetometers – A Short Summary (Part 2)
By Dr. Ivan Hrvoic, President, GEM Systems, Inc. Optical Pumping of Alkali Vapours Only unpaired and free electrons exhibit spin with the features described above. Vapours of the alkali group of elements have a single, unpaired electron in their valence shell and they can be readily used as sources of electrons with spins. Helium gas in the other hand needs to be ionized in order to eliminate one electron from the valance shell; the remaining electron then behaves as an unpaired electron. In ground state 2 S1/2 the electron has 2 energy levels, or –1/2 or +1/2 spins. To polarize…
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Potassium Vapour Magnetometers – A Short Summary (Part 1)
By Dr. Ivan Hrvoic, President, GEM Systems, Inc. Introduction This paper is intended to provide a short overview for professionals and students who are interested in learning more about potassium magnetometers and their differences from other types of magnetometers available today. Key topics include: Physical overview of quantum magnetometers Optical pumping of alkali vapours Broad line Cesium, Rubidium and Helium versus narrow line Potassium Standard and super-resolution K-sensors and systems Future directions This paper is based on more than 10 years of research and development into the topic by GEM Systems, Inc. as well as other published results from the…
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