GEM Technical Papers
Proton Precession and Overhauser Magnetometers
Overhauser effect magnetometers were initially commercialized by GEM in the mid-1980s and have advanced since then through various R&D initiatives. The following papers summarize some of the theory and developments in this area.
- Site Characterization Using GSM-19GW
- Selecting an Overhauser Magnetometer – Points to Remember
- Nuclear Precession Scalar Magnetometers
- Overhauser Magnetometers for Measurement of the Earth’s Field
- Requirements for Obtaining High Accuracy with Proton Magnetometers
- Requirements for a Low-Power Overhauser Magnetometer (GSM-19L)
Potassium Magnetometers
Another class of magnetometer (in addition to conventional and Overhauser effect proton precession magnetometers) are those that utilize electron resonance principles.
Commonly called optically pumped magnetometers, these systems utilize alkali metal vapour to generate precessions based on the Zeeman effect.
Potassium alkali methods offer a number of advantages over other alkali methods, including:
- Order-of-Magnitude Higher Resolution
- Lower Maintenance costs (i.e. no Alignment Required)
- Lower Heading Errors
The following papers look at some of the specific applications of potassium instruments.
Technical Notes
The Magnetic Method .. some references
- GEM_A_brief_review_of_Quantum_Magnetometers
- Magnetometer Definitions
- Instruments & Methodologies for Measurement of the Earth’s Magnetic Field
- Commercial Magnetometers and their Application
- Geophysical Applications
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